Pistis in Classical Rhetoric

In classical rhetoric, pistis can mean  proof, belief, or state of mind. Pisteis (in the sense of means of persuasion) are classified by Aristotle into two categories: artless proofs (pisteis atechnoi), that is, those that are not provided by the speaker but are pre-existing, and artistic proofs (pisteis entechnoi), that is, those that are created by the speaker.A Companion to Greek Rhetoric, 2010 Etymology: From the Greek, faith Observations P. RollinsonThe opening [of Aristotles Rhetoric] defines rhetoric as the counterpart of dialectic, which seeks not to persuade but to find the appropriate means of persuasion in any given situation (1.1.1-4 and 1.2.1). These means are to be found in various kinds of proof or conviction (pistis). . . . Proofs are of two kinds: inartificial (not involving rhetorical art—e.g., in forensic [judicial] rhetoric: laws, witnesses, contracts, torture, and oaths) and artificial [artistic] (involving the art of rhetoric).Daniel BenderOne aim of speech within a Western rhetorical tradition is to produce pistis (belief), which will, in turn, produce consensus. A student trained to imitate models, to speak in different ways, could conform language and reasoning to the capacities of different audiences, and thus create that consubstantiality between speaker and audience, the rhetorically created scene of community.William M. A. GrimaldiPistis is used to represent the state of mind, namely, c onviction or belief, at which the auditor arrives when the correctly chosen aspects of the subject-matter are placed before him in an effective manner. . . .In its second meaning, pistis is the word used for a methodological technique . . .. In this sense, pistis means the logical instrument used by the mind to marshal the material into a reasoning process. It is a method which gives the matter a logical form, so to speak, and thus produces that state of mind in the auditor which is called belief, pistis. . . . It is this meaning of pistis which is applicable primarily to enthymeme, but also to paradeigma (example). For in rhetoric enthymeme (the process of deduction) and paradeigma (the inductive process) are the logical instruments which one is to use in constructing argumentation directed toward krisis, or judgment, on the part of another.

Essay History of Micosoft - 1702 Words

After reading the January 1, 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Bill Gates called the creators of the new microcomputer, MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), offering to demonstrate an implementation of the BASIC programming language for the system.[22] Gates had neither an interpreter nor an Altair system, yet in the eight weeks before the demo he and Allen developed the interpreter. The interpreter worked at the demo and MITS agreed to distribute Altair BASIC.[7] Gates left Harvard University, moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico where MITS was located, and founded Microsoft there. The name Microsoft, without the hyphen, was first used in a letter from Gates to Allen on November 29, 1975,[7]†¦show more content†¦Word was also the first application with such features as the ability to display bold text. It was first released in the spring of 1983, and free demonstration copies of the application were bundled with the November 198 3 issue of PC World, making it the first program to be distributed on-disk with a magazine.[25] However, Xenix was never sold to end users, and by the mid-1980s Microsoft got out of the Unix business entirely.[23] DOS (Disk Operating System) was the operating system that brought the company its real success. On August 12, 1981, after negotiations with Digital Research failed, IBM awarded a contract to Microsoft to provide a version of the CP/M operating system, which was set to be used in the upcoming IBM Personal Computer (PC). For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) from Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products for less than US$50,000, which IBM renamed to PC-DOS. Due to potential copyright infringement problems with CP/M, IBM marketed both CP/M and PC-DOS for US$240 and US$40, respectively, with PC-DOS eventually becoming the standard because of its lower price.[26][27] Around 1983, in collaboration with numerous companies, Microsoft created a home computer system, MSX, which contained its own version of the DOS operating system, entitled MSX-DOS; this became relativelyShow MoreRelatedRecommendation And Justification : Evaluation And R ationale882 Words   |  4 Pagesd). Working at Micosoft. Retrieved from www.qbrundage.com: http://www.qbrundage.com/michaelb/pubs/essays/working_at_microsoft.html f. (n.d.). Cooper, C.L. and C. Argyris, 1998. The concise Blackwell encyclopedia of management , Massachusetts: Blackwell Business, Retrieved on 02 September 2010.- Fundinguniverse. (2014, 03 09). company-histories/microsoft-corporation-history/. Retrieved 10 25, 2014, from http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/microsoft-corporation-history/ Gregg. (2014Read MoreMicrosoft Xbox Entering the World of Video Game3175 Words   |  13 Pageshearing the words video games 1970s, but it actually it already began 30 years before. The idea originally came from the imaginations of scientists in research lab in the late 1940s. And now it has become and still one of addictive product in human history. In 1980s nearly 20% of U.S. homes had video game system, and more game licensers releasing new titles expanding the industry into billion dollar industry. Having a dark age period in 1982 Ââ€" 1984, in 1985 Ââ€" 1984 the industry revived and reachingRead MoreCompilation of Mathematicians and Their Contributions11615 Words   |  47 Pagespostulate. Favorite Mathematician As far as medieval times is concerned, people in this era were challenged with chaos, social turmoil, economic issues, and many other disputes. Part of this era is tinted with so called â€Å"Dark Ages† that marked the history with unfavourable events. Therefore, mathematicians during this era-after they undergone the untold toils-were deserving individuals for gratitude and praises for they had supplemented the following generations with mathematical ideas that is very

Auditing and Assurance for Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAuditing and Assurance for Management and Governance. Answer: Introduction AMP Limited is one of the Australia and New Zealand's well established and independent wealth management financial institution. The firm is increasing its international investment and is also strategically growing its retail banking activities in Australia. The main aim of this firm is to provide financial as well as other products and services related advice to people as well as other organizations in order to build their financial security. Other than Australia and New Zealand the company is serving in different continents like Asia, North America, and Europe and also in the Middle Eastern Countries(AMP, 2017). This report presents the risk analysis of AMP Limited. For doing risk analysis, various steps have been followed. This includes understanding nature of entity, the Industry in which company operates, the legal environment, and external environmental factors. In addition, report also discusses about AMPs financial performance, management and governance, objectives and strateg ies. Understanding Nature of the entity Business operations AMP Limited exists in the financial industry from last 160 years. AMP Limited has grown their business in the last decades and has become one of the leading specialists in wealth management in countries like Australia and New Zealand. The main business operation that is carried on by the AMP Limited is providing financial advices to their customers, providing investment products like retirement income, superannuation etc., to its customers as well as to its businesses. Its business operation also covers life insurance, and also income protection. Its operation also undertakes administration activities and also provides banking and investment services. The company also helps its customers with investing in shares and also in properties and infrastructure, etc.(AMP, 2017). Investment and Investment Activities AMP Limited undertakes various investment activities for their clients. They undertake investment activities in the field of real estate, shares and equities, infrastructure and other various multi-assets portfolios. To undertake these investment activities the company collaborates with several other international investment partners in order to get access to various other new investment opportunities that are available in the global market(Mason, 2017). Finance and Financial Activities The AMP Limited has more than 5400 employees and more than 8 lakh shareholders attached to the company and the companymanages over 220 billion dollars worth assets. The company provides financial products and also solutions related to financial matters to their customers. The company undertakes this activity with the help of a number of financial advisors who have vast experience and knowledge on financial matters so that the customers can benefit to the maximum level. AMP is considered to be the market leader when it comes to financial advices. The AMP Limiteds financial services acquire a leading position in the market when it comes to wealth protection as well as wealth management(Infopub, 2016). Financial Reporting Practices High performing organizations in order to evaluate their annual performance as well as to comply with the regulations and showcase their achievements to their customers practice the system of financial reporting. In this financial reporting the AMP Limited has discussed about its vision, mission and goals; what all are the strengths of the company and in what field the company is dealing as well as prospering. The profits that the company has earned and the taxes that the company has paid everything are discussed in this financial report(AMP Group Finance Services Limited, 2016). Understanding the Industry Industry size The banking and finance industry forms an important part of the Australian economy. The financial service sector of Australia is one of the largest contributors of the economy. It contributes nearly $140 billion to the Australian GDP over the last few years(Fintech, 2017). Industry Growth Financial sector plays a major role in reshaping the growth of the country. It increases the capitalinvestment for the economy as a whole by entering into partnership with the business and the government. The financial system of Australia has been able to mobilize the savings of the people and gave them a direction to invest their money in the market to boost capital formation of the country. So, it can be said that banking and financial sector plays a very important role to boost the growth of the country as a whole(FSI, 2014). Industry supply chain The financial sector has started to adoptthe concept of supply chain management. The supply chain has come from the well-established concept of supply chain in the trading world. The banking and financial sector supply chain involves the payments side of the business, which includes the transactions starting from the purchase order till the final settlement is done. The main importance of adopting the supply chain management is that know the banking and the financial institutions will be able to take an informed decision and work accordingly(Britz, 2007). Major players The major banking and financial institution players of Australia includes the Bank of Queensland, one of the oldest in Queensland; Bendigo and Adelaide Bank; Bankwest, is a full service bank which is based in Perth; Suncorp Group Limited, one of the largest banks of Australia; AMP Bank Limited, offers financial services and is opening its subsidiaries worldwide(Business Review Australia, 2014). Market shares of industry players The market share of the major banks in Australia has seen to be increasing the past few years. Their market share has been increased from 65.4 per cent in 2007 to 78/5 per cent in the year 2014 and since it has shown an upward trend in the market share(FSI, 2017). Critical success factors The major critical success factors of banking and financial institutions are tracking the results that are outcomes of marketing efforts. Communicating the brand in front of the companysemployees as well as customers. Focusing on the ever-changing needs of the people and offering them services accordingly. Also make proper utilization of the resources available and the recent technologies are some of the major critical success factors(Wagner, 2017). Major Threats The major threats that comes in front of the banking and the financial institutions is that the banks are not able to make enough money as they are not getting their return on investment properly as well as the return on equity. The competition is increasing day by day because of the opening up of the financial technologies companies in the market. The regulatory pressures are other threats to the banking industry as they have to spend a large part of their income to comply with the norms of the government. References AMP Group Finance Services Limited, 2016. Directors report and Financial report for the year ended 31 December 2016. [Online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/OTC_AMLTY_2016.pdf [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. AMP, 2017. Anout AMP. [Online] Available at: https://www.amp.com.au/amp/about-amp [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Britz, M.B., 2007. Banks Starting to Embrace Concept of Financial Supply Chain Management. [Online] Available at: https://www.banktech.com/payments/banks-starting-to-embrace-concept-of-financial-supply-chain-management/d/d-id/1291166? [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Business Review Australia, 2014. Top 10 Banks In Australia. [Online] Available at: https://www.businessreviewaustralia.com/leadership/1364/Top-10-Banks-In-Australia [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Fintech, 2017. The strength of Australias financial sector. [Online] Available at: https://fintech.treasury.gov.au/the-strength-of-australias-financial-sector/ [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. FSI, 2014. Financing Australias Growth. [Online] Available at: https://fsi.gov.au/files/2014/04/Industry_Super_Australia_2014.pdf [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. FSI, 2017. Banking sector. [Online] Available at: https://fsi.gov.au/publications/interim-report/02-competition/banking-sector/ [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Infopub, 2016. AMP Group Finance Services Limited. [Online] Available at: https://infopub.sgx.com/FileOpen/AMP%20GFS%20FY15%20Directors%20Report%20and%20Financials.ashx?App=AnnouncementFileID=398722 [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Mason, P., 2017. Directors Report and Financial Report for the half year ended 30 June 2009. [Online] Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=1cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwjD2PXxj8LWAhXKOI8KHW8fCcAQFggnMAAurl=http%3A%2F%2Fphx.corporate-ir.net%2FExternal.File%3Fitem%3DUGFyZW50SUQ9NDc2MzMxfENoaWxkSUQ9NTA4ODMzfFR5cGU9MQ%3D%3D%26t%3D1u [Accessed 26 sept 2017]. Wagner, N., 2017. The Key Success Factors in Financial Services. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/key-success-factors-financial-services-63370.html [Accessed 26 sept 2017].

Intention and the Plan of the Business Goals

Question: Describe about the Strategic Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction Strategic Human Resource Management is the intention and the plan of the business goals, which could be achieved through the employees. There are three positions, which are based on the strategic Human Resource Management. The first human capital is one of the major sources in to achieve the competitive advantage. Secondly it is the employees who implement the strategic plan and thirdly, the systematic approach needs to adopt for defining the where the organization wants to go and how they will reach there (Truss et al. 2012). Strategic HRM process involves the development of the strategies of HR, which is correlated, with the business strategy. The HR and finally the implementation of the strategy can segment the strategic human resource management into two phases the initial phase is the strategy formulation. It ensures that the policies related with HRM need to cohere both the policy areas as well as the hierarchies. It would enable the organization to decide with the long-term performance of the organization. The implementation of the strategic HRM would result in the strategic view of the HR function, which would relate with the business functions of the organization (Rewards and Plans 2013). I am working currently in HR department of McDonalds. The plan has been initiated for the role of HR Director in implementing the strategic Human Resource strategy. Organizations Vision and Mission Vision The vision of McDonald is to become one of the most progressive companies of the world through experiencing the customers with its best quality service. They focus on providing tasty and high- quality food to their customers. They want their customers to make feel of as valued customers of their store. The companys primary and most important vision lies in the fact of implementing the innovation through the satisfaction to their customers and following the current need of the customers. To follow the vision the organization uses various methods of its development so that it meets with the customers expectation (McDonald wants to achieve its vision through enduring the three broad objectives. The first among it is to become the best employer for its worldwide customers. The second objective is to distribute the operational excellence to its customers in each of its stores. The third objective is to endure a profitable growth through the expansion of the brand and strength of the compa nys system implying the innovation and technology (Aboutmcdonalds.com 2016). Mission McDonald Mission includes the details about the market position through its establishing of most preferred place for customers to eat and drink. The company further highlighted the human resource management approach through its mission of creating its most desired place for the people to work. Again the company highlighted the corporate social responsibility position through initiating the positivity in the presence of the community (Aboutmcdonalds.com 2016). Strategic HR Issues The McDonald is the leader in the food corporation which retails more than 117 countries and has more than 60 million of employees. The head of the human resource is lead by the McDonald United Kingdom office. The main issue related with the McDonald is the huge turnover rate along with the recruitment challenges. Again huge cost is associates with the recruitment and the training of the employees within the organization. The most important issue that needs to cater through the adoption of necessary policy is the working of the environment along with the recruitment process (Bratton and Gold 2012). Employees competencies to meet the objectives- McDonald employees are not much effective to help to meet the objectives of the customers. It is due to the dissatisfaction, which arises in the culture of the organization. Most often, the store is incorporated with the uncaring store owner. The employees are not satisfied with the atmosphere and feel pressure throughout the service. Moreover the low salary and long shifts enabled to provide poor service to the customers (Stahl et al. 2012). The Affective Events Theory, which explains the importance of the connection of the emotions and feelings, attached with the job satisfaction and the behaviors. McDonald needs to adopt the theory so to improve their performance for achieving the objectives of competencies (Mahni and Sidner 2016). Difference of superior performers with the average performers- The employees is same for the organization. However, they need to adopt policies through evaluating the performance of the superior performers (Shields et al. 2015). Below or average performers can be guided to upgrade their performance- The below or the average performers can upgrade the performance through the adoption of the theory of Expectancy. In the Expectancy Theory, which did Victor Vroom propose, establishes the performance management as performance is based on the expectations. The HR need to apply the Expectancy Theory through the interaction of the expectancy, Valence and the Instrumentality in the psychology to crate the motivation force (Magidson et al. 2014). Further the plan need to get extend through initiating appraisal and rewards based on attendance or through planning an event of fashion and declaring the winner for it. Development of the employees to meet the challenges- The employees are given on-job training for their development of the quality service and along with the operation skills. It also initiates training to make them learn about the recipes. The training does not consist of the detail about the challenges that the company can face and how to overcome from it. The initiate of proper training and development of the staff need to give. So that they could know about the challenge related with the organization (Council 2012). Employees motivated to meet the current and future challenges- Not only training but the employees of the McDonald are not motivated to achieve the challenges. The employees do not think about the challenges that need to face which will on the other hand relate to their growth. The companys only way to motivate the employees is through the reward programs. They include the incentives and bonus structure to motivate their employees (Pinder 2014). McDonalds need to adopt their theories of Maslows need hierarchy theory. Now, the five needs are separated into two levels high and low. Physiological and safety needs are categorized as lower order needs. This need could be satisfied through the external factors like wages. But the social, esteem and self actualization needs to cater through the satisfaction internally to a person. McDonalds need to understand the need for inter satisfaction to get motivated (Taormina and Gao 2013). Attract the people of right caliber- McDonald focuses on every employee to retain the future challenges. Now the company needs to understand that not all employees have the same plan and potential. The company needs to evaluate the performance and employees to give importance according to that. The training should also be given first priority to employees who are mostly willing to take challenges (Ford 2014). The current culture alignment with the vision, mission and values- McDonalds vision reveal the overall strategic direction of the company. The comprehensive statement of the vision statement states what it needs to achieve and makes the vision statement satisfactory. Although, the satisfactory vision statement needs to unite the aims of the different areas of the organization (Aboutmcdonalds.com 2016). The mission statement is comprehensive in involves the aspect for the human resource management into it. Company needs to include innovation in its statement. The mission statement further did not include the research-based or the technology-based innovation of the product for its customer satisfaction (Aboutmcdonalds.com 2016). HRM Plan The issues of the HR need to implement some changes through undertaking a comprehensive plan. McDonalds is indulged with different plans and actions. They need to make polices to address the issues that arise (Knight 2013). A 12 months HR plan has initiated to solve all the issues. Importance of the program Strategic Human Resource program would enable to resolve the problems, which affect the people of the organizations. All organizations want to cater all the needs of the employees and the organization. McDonalds main aim lies to provide quality service to their customers. Now this can be achieved through the application of comprehensive program in HR planning. The program would further help McDonald to enhance the environment improvement and the suppleness among the employees. The strategic program would enable the company to address the expectations of the employees (Bratton and Gold 2012). Objectives of the plan Enable the employee to boost the performance. To minimize the employee turnover and filling up of the consequent vacancies To progress the knowledge, standard, skill, ability and the discipline Objectives to execute the store through the development of higher employee commitment and the customer satisfaction Provide positive experience of the employment through the respectful employee treatment and efficiency with the labor and the employment laws. Establish the strong management plan for the identification and the development to create diverse workforce. Provide rewards to the employees for supporting of the performance culture. Communicate with the compilation of the McDonald employee through telling them about the value of the brands and build respects for the brand. Program plan The initial strategic plan of the HR lies to deliver the quality performance of the culture with the support of the employees and the organizational resources which are essential; for sustaining the superior performance of the business. It further emphasis to deliver it through the designing of the process and providing essential tools and transfer the knowledge of the leaders. It will enable to develop and improve the culture. There are areas where McDonalds need to improve its plan. The program is implemented according to the changes in those areas (Sparrow 2013). The main priorities are to increase the retention and developing the performance of the employee. It needs to include motivation as the key priority for the employee. Performance Management- The program gives its most importance on the performance of the employees. The employees performance need to boost up it will help them to decrease the retention and enables them to achieve their vision of providing quality service to its customers. In this regards the adoption of Goal-Setting Theory. The implication of this theory would enable the employees to found reliable, useful and the diverse work situations (Pervin 2015). The enabling of the difficult and specific goals would enable to perform higher performance. Career Development- the employee needs to understand the relation of development and the growth in their career. The plan includes the internal promotions. Employees can get internally promoted evaluating the time and performance in the organization. The career development needs to be assessed in the program through understanding the skills of the employee. The Gap needs to be understood between the level of competency and the future requirement of the employee. The gaps need to be access according to that (Rothwell et al. 2015). Training and development- McDonalds need to conclude proper training to their employees. It would enable them to face the challenges for the current situation as well as for the future (Wilson 2014). McDonald needs to adopt the two-Factor Theory of Frederick Herzberg. The adoption of the theory would enable to the need of two effects. Either it would cause to satisfy with the job or it would prevent from being dissatisfied. Promotion/ Succession Planning- the program need to implement the most important area of promotion of the employees. Promotion would enable the employees to motivate this would rather help the employees to continue with the organization with better performance (DeVaro and Morita 2013). Change Management- McDonald need to adopt a systematic and proactive approach in the program. The program includes the change of management so that they could effectively lead the employees. The change management needs to overcome the resistance through constant communication with the employees (Pinder 2014). Staff culture- The program needs to address staff culture need to implement the plan of workforce planning issue. The salary of the employees will be increase yearly with a growth of 15%. Other than yearly increase the salary would also increase according to the performance (Council 2012). Recognition of performance- The plan includes evaluating the performance of all the employees. The employees would be rewarded according to that. The recognition does not only mean monetary recognition. The plan includes both the monetary as well as non-monetary recognition (Stone 2013). Employee Retention- The plan includes retaining the employees through the employee motivation theories. The plan involved the equity theory to motivate the employees. The theory contributes the employees expectation of equal return for their contribution in the job. The employee retention can increase through the motivation and job satisfaction (Hong et al. 2012). Recruitment- The program needs to adopt the effective selection criteria for the employee. The plan needs to select employees who are effective and efficient in terms of performance and growth (Stone 2013). Program Recommendation The plan of the HRM should address in a way so that it caters the needs of the organization. It should include effective management policies and procedures so that it fulfills the needs of the employees. The policy should include the culture of the organization. McDonalds need to communicate the contents of its manual through the usage of internet. The policies need to review and regulate the policies so that it fulfills the effectiveness of the law and the needs of the company. The company needs to appoint a particular person for the responsibility attached with the amendments. The person needs to address the changes accordingly. The introduction of the plan to the employees needs to obtain the confirmation that they understood and agreed to comply (Truss et al. 2012). The policy need to provide with the guidelines of practices and behavior of the employee in the company. The policy need to implement for safeguarding the establishing equality for the organization. The policy0020 should also cater he vision and the mission of the company for proving quality service for their customers (Wilson 2014). Conclusion McDonalds, which is the leading food chain of the world, gives its main focus on the customer service. The organization need to understand the importance of the retention of the employee to provide quality service. The company has many HR issues. The issues can be eliminating through the adoption of effective policy. A strategic HR plan has initiated covering the areas where the adoption of the policies is necessary. Reference list: Aboutmcdonalds.com. (2016).McDonalds Official Global Corporate Website :: AboutMcDonalds.com. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Council, S.B., 2012. Training development. DeVaro, J. and Morita, H., 2013. Internal promotion and external recruitment: a theoretical and empirical analysis.Journal of Labor Economics,31(2), pp.227-269. Ford, J.K., 2014.Improving training effectiveness in work organizations. Psychology Press. Hong, E.N.C., Hao, L.Z., Kumar, R., Ramendran, C. and Kadiresan, V., 2012. An effectiveness of human resource management practices on employee retention in institute of higher learning: A regression analysis.International journal of business research and management,3(2), pp.60-79. Knight, E.J.M., 2013. Strategic Human Resources Management practice,are we there yet? A study of the Incorporation of a Strategic Plan.International Journal of Human Resource Management,71, pp.2104-2111. Magidson, J.F., Roberts, B.W., Collado-Rodriguez, A. and Lejuez, C.W., 2014. Theory-driven intervention for changing personality: Expectancy value theory, behavioral activation, and conscientiousness.Developmental psychology,50(5), p.1442. Mahni Shayganfar, C.R. and Sidner, C., 2016. An Overview of Affective Motivational Collaboration Theory. Pervin, L.A. ed., 2015.Goal concepts in personality and social psychology(Vol. 23). Psychology Press. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Rewards, E. and Plans, P., 2013. Strategic human resource management.Instructor. Rothwell, W.J., Jackson, R.D., Ressler, C.L. and Jones, M.C., 2015.Career Planning and Succession Management: Developing Your Organization's Talentfor Today and Tomorrow: Developing Your Organizations Talentfor Today and Tomorrow. ABC-CLIO. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Sparrow, P., 2013. 5 Strategic HRM and employee engagement.Employee engagement in theory and practice, p.99. Stahl, G.K., Bj, I. and Morris, S. eds., 2012.Handbook of research in international human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Stone, R.J., 2013.Managing human resources. John Wiley and Sons. Taormina, R.J. and Gao, J.H., 2013. Maslow and the motivation hierarchy: Measuring satisfaction of the needs.The American journal of psychology,126(2), pp.155-177. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C., 2012.Strategic human resource management. Oxford University Press. Wilson, J.P., 2014. International human resource development: Learning, education and training for individuals and organisations.Development and Learning in Organizations,28(2).

Stock Dividends and Stock Splits Essay Example

Stock Dividends and Stock Splits Essay For investors, it is important to understand stock dividends and stock splits. Stock dividend is different from stock split.   While it is true that, in both cases, new shares of stock are issued to current stockholders, distinction between the two has been recognized.   The distinctive difference between a stock dividend and a stock split is that in the former, there is a capitalization of earnings or profits, together with a distribution of the added shares which evidence the assets transferred to capital, while in the latter, there is a mere increase in the number of shares which evidence ownership without altering the amount of the capital, surplus or segregated earnings.   In short, a stock split is but a dividing up of the outstanding shares of the corporation into a greater number of units without touching the stockholder’s original proportional participating interest in the corporation.   Stock split is basically one of form and not of substance.Concept of divi dendsA stock corporation subsists to make a profit and to allot a percentage of the profits to its stockholders.   The board of directors of a public corporation may declare dividends out of the unrestricted retained earnings which shall be payable either in cash, or in stock to all stockholders on the basis of outstanding shares held by them.   A dividend is that part or portion of the profits of a corporation set aside, declared and ordered by the directors to be paid ratably to the stockholders on demand or at a fixed time.   It is a payment to stockholders of a corporation as a return on their investment.   It is a feature of a dividend that all of the stockholders of the same class share in it in proportion to the respective amounts of stock which they hold.Without disturbing the capital stock, a dividend is an aggregate amount which can be shared among stockholders.   The term has been considered as suggesting that there must be a surplus or profits to be divided.   To warrant the declaration of dividends, there must be actual bona fide surplus profits or earnings over and above all debts and liabilities of the corporation.   Although a corporation has earned no profit from the current period, it may properly pay dividends from accumulated surplus out of previous years.   On the other hand, dividends may not be declared as long as a shortfall exists although; it has realized actual profit in the current year.Stock dividendsInstead of cash, a corporation may opt to declare stock dividend, which is a dividend payable in unissued or increased or additional shares.   Stock dividends do not decrease the value of the stockholder’s interest; they only bring down the cost per share of the stockholdings. To illustrate, Mr. X owned 200 shares of stock at $10 per share worth $2,000.   The company declared and distributed 25% stock dividend.   Mr. X would now own 250 shares for the same value of $2,000, with a new value per share of $8 ( Heakal, 2003).   A corporation may increase its authorized capital stock by way of stock dividends without touching its unissued shares as long as there are retained earnings to justify the declaration.The declaration of stock dividend may be revoked at anytime before the actual issuance of the stock.   Unlike in cash dividend, a stock dividend requires, as a general rule, more than a mere declaration to make it effective.   It must be approved by the stockholders. Until the stock is actually issued, or at least in some manner especially set apart to the stockholders, its effect is not complete.   The so called stock dividend in shares of the kind already held gives the shareholder nothing in the way of a distribution of assets, but merely divides his existing shares into smaller units.   There is no increase in his proportionate claim upon the assets of the corporation or income by reason of such a paper dividend.   There is no obligation upon the corporation to declare stock dividends, which are not distributions but only a change of the share and capital structure.   Since the declaration of stock dividend gives the stockholder nothing until all the formalities necessary to a valid increase of stock are complied with, its revocation, therefore, takes away nothing.   But unless rescinded, the shareholders have absolute right to their respective shares in the stock dividend so declared and actual delivery of the corresponding certificate is not essential to make the shareholder the owner of the dividend (De Leon, l993).Dividends DatesEssentially, there are three dates to observe in dealing with dividends.   The first to consider is the date of declaration where the board declares dividend and sets the amount of dividend, the payment date and the ex-dividend date. Next is the record date, where all list of of current stockholders who are to receive dividends are rolled up. The most important date is the 2-day period before the record date whi ch is designated as the ex-dividend date. This is to allow completion of all unfinished transactions before the record date.   Those stockholders not on record or do not own the stock before the ex-dividend date will not be entitled to dividend payment. Proceedings not completed at the ex-dividend date, the price of the stock is immediately reduced as dividend payment dilutes the value of the company and investors absorbs the diminution in value (â€Å"Investing†, 2007).Effect of declaration of stock dividendA stock dividend transfers the surplus covered by such dividend into permanent account thereby placing it beyond the power of the board of directors to withdraw from corporate use and to distribute to the stockholders.   Such a capitalization of surplus adds nothing to and takes nothing from the corporation.   The corporation merely transfers the surplus to capital account and issue shares of stock to represent the same.   Such shares may be preferred as well as c ommon stock.After a declaration of stock dividends, the stockholder receives no greater proportional interest in the assets of the corporation that he had before.   In this regard, it is identical in substance with a splitting of original share in which outstanding shares are exchanged for an increased number of new shares of proportionally less par value than the old, leaving the aggregate value of all his stock substantially the same.   Such an increase simply dilutes the shares as they existed before.   The declaration of stock dividend is advantageous to existing creditors of the corporation to the extent that corporate earnings are capitalized, unavailable for distribution to stockholders.   At the same time, it improves the cash position of the corporation with expansion projects or programs eliminating the necessity of borrowing and paying high interest rates.Stock dividends are not taxable as income because they represent merely an unrealized gain to the stockholders who receives nothing from the corporation that answers the definition of income under the revenue code (â€Å"Strengthening†).Illustration:A, B, C, D and E organized a stock corporation with an authorized capital stock of $400,000 divided into 4,000 shares with a par value of $100 per share.   Each subscribed to and paid for 400 shares.   Hence, the actual asset of the corporation at the beginning of the business was $200,000.After a few years of profitable business, the assets of the corporation amounted to $400,000 with no debts.   Instead of declaring cash dividends, it was agreed to increase the capital stock in the form of stock dividends with a total value of $40,000 which amount represents the actual increase of his share or interest in the business.   At the start of the year, each stockholder held 400 shares with a total value of $40,000 which is 1/5 of the total corporate capital of $200,000.   At the close of the year, after stock dividends are declared, each stockholder still holds 1/5 interest in the corporation with his 800 shares worth $80,000 in relation to the increased corporate capital of $400,000.   But the proportional interest of each share in the corporate assets is decreased because of the increase in the number of shares, from 1/2,000 to 1/4,000 (Kennon, 2007).Stock dividend from issue of additional sharesWhenever an increase is made in the capital account of a stock corporation, the increase is valid only when it represents additional shares issued for which the equivalent consideration is received by the corporation.   The increase may be the result of an issue of additional shares or the re-investment of retained earnings effected by the distribution of shares as stock dividend.Hence, a corporation with outstanding no par value shares originally issued at $5 per share cannot increase its capital account by transferring its surplus to its capital account without issuing additional shares for the amount transferr ed.   Under such method, stockholders who have already paid in full their no par value shares would in effect be made to pay additional amounts for the same shares to increase their value.   No par value shares of capital stock issued shall be deemed fully paid and non-assessable.   Once no par value shares have been issued at their issued price, their value can no longer be changed.   Accordingly, such stock dividend by a transfer of the surplus to capital with no shares to be issued cannot be validly made (De Leon, 1993).Stock dividend distinguished from cash dividendStock dividend does not involve any disbursement to the stockholders of accumulated earnings, while cash dividend involves disbursement of said earnings.   Corporate creditors may reach for stock dividends, being still part of corporate property, while cash dividend declared and paid becomes the absolute property of the stockholders and cannot be reached by the creditors.   While corporate capital is incre ased by a stock dividend, cash dividend does not.   Except in the sense that capital stock constitute a liability, no debt from the corporation to the stockholders is created by the declaration of stock dividend.   The declaration of cash dividend creates an obligation to the stockholders who then hold such stock.It is important to note that a dividend payable in stock is not synonymous with, and is not always or necessarily, a stock dividend.   A dividend payable in stock may, under some circumstances, is a cash dividend, as where the dividend consists in treasury stocks or in stocks of another corporation.Stock splitsThe board of directors may approve a stock split when the market is too high or too low, as sometimes investors are forestalled from buying or keeping their stocks.   In stock split, the market per share is adjusted by the same ratio which results in additional shares being issued and the market price being reduced to a trading level to attract investors. Stoc k splits are generally carried out in two different ways.   In a par value stock, the original certificate is converted into a new certificate validating the original shares, plus the new shares issued.   In a no par value stock, the stockholder keeps his original certificate but receives additional certificates for the additional shares issued. In either case, the split merely changes the number of outstanding shares without affecting the stockholders’ equity or the capital stock (Heakal, 2003).Illustration:X Corporation has 100,000 outstanding shares of stock, with a par value of $10 per share.   The board of directors feels that a lower price is necessary to attract more investors, it authorized that the 100,000 shares be replaced by 500,000 with a par value of $2.   Thus each stockholder will receive 5 shares in exchange for each share owned.   This increase in the number of outstanding share is referred to as stock split (Little, 2007).On the other hand, the re verse stock split, involves the reduction of the outstanding shares into a smaller number of shares and it is done when it is felt that a higher price for the shares will be advantageous to the corporation.   Thus, in the same example above, the 100,000 outstanding shares may be called in and replaced by 50,000 shares with a par value of $20 per share.   There is an increase in the par value of outstanding shares with a corresponding reduction in the number of shares issued.If a stock splits, it does not make it a better investment or enlarges the share in the company’s earnings nor does it affect materially short sellers. The aim of stock splits is to lower the trading price of a stock to a level viewed as popular to investors. It is comfortable to purchase stock at $10 per share than at $100 per share. Hence, when share prices have moved up considerably, publicly-listed companies declare stock split.ConclusionOne way or another, the stock itself may change, whether it i s a stock split or a stock dividend.   It is crucial that an investor must be fully aware of the character of corporate actions to understand how a corporate decision affects his interest in the business. Corporate action may bring a change in the stock (â€Å"Corporate†).Whether it is cash dividend or stock dividend, dividends matter. It is the evidence of profitability.   It offers unvarying return on a less secure investment. Dividends grow as the company grows thus providing more economic value to the investors. Some investors profit from dividends.   Investors would purchase stocks right after dividend is declared and sell it after collecting the dividend, thus, receiving dividend at no cost.   However, this does not usually happen successfully as the dividend payout reflects immediately the stock price.It is important that an investor understands stock splits.   Stock splits do not change the equity of the company or the net assets of the business.   Board o f directors approves stock splits to maintain high level of trading activity of its stock. Sometimes a reverse stock split is decided to discourage small investors and maintain its status because a relatively low stock price is considered highly speculative and often trades over the counter. Stock Dividends and Stock Splits Essay Example Stock Dividends and Stock Splits Essay For investors, it is important to understand stock dividends and stock splits. Stock dividend is different from stock split.   While it is true that, in both cases, new shares of stock are issued to current stockholders, distinction between the two has been recognized.   The distinctive difference between a stock dividend and a stock split is that in the former, there is a capitalization of earnings or profits, together with a distribution of the added shares which evidence the assets transferred to capital, while in the latter, there is a mere increase in the number of shares which evidence ownership without altering the amount of the capital, surplus or segregated earnings.   In short, a stock split is but a dividing up of the outstanding shares of the corporation into a greater number of units without touching the stockholder’s original proportional participating interest in the corporation.   Stock split is basically one of form and not of substance.Concept of divi dendsA stock corporation subsists to make a profit and to allot a percentage of the profits to its stockholders.   The board of directors of a public corporation may declare dividends out of the unrestricted retained earnings which shall be payable either in cash, or in stock to all stockholders on the basis of outstanding shares held by them.   A dividend is that part or portion of the profits of a corporation set aside, declared and ordered by the directors to be paid ratably to the stockholders on demand or at a fixed time.   It is a payment to stockholders of a corporation as a return on their investment.   It is a feature of a dividend that all of the stockholders of the same class share in it in proportion to the respective amounts of stock which they hold.Without disturbing the capital stock, a dividend is an aggregate amount which can be shared among stockholders.   The term has been considered as suggesting that there must be a surplus or profits to be divided.   To warrant the declaration of dividends, there must be actual bona fide surplus profits or earnings over and above all debts and liabilities of the corporation.   Although a corporation has earned no profit from the current period, it may properly pay dividends from accumulated surplus out of previous years.   On the other hand, dividends may not be declared as long as a shortfall exists although; it has realized actual profit in the current year.Stock dividendsInstead of cash, a corporation may opt to declare stock dividend, which is a dividend payable in unissued or increased or additional shares.   Stock dividends do not decrease the value of the stockholder’s interest; they only bring down the cost per share of the stockholdings. To illustrate, Mr. X owned 200 shares of stock at $10 per share worth $2,000.   The company declared and distributed 25% stock dividend.   Mr. X would now own 250 shares for the same value of $2,000, with a new value per share of $8 ( Heakal, 2003).   A corporation may increase its authorized capital stock by way of stock dividends without touching its unissued shares as long as there are retained earnings to justify the declaration.The declaration of stock dividend may be revoked at anytime before the actual issuance of the stock.   Unlike in cash dividend, a stock dividend requires, as a general rule, more than a mere declaration to make it effective.   It must be approved by the stockholders. Until the stock is actually issued, or at least in some manner especially set apart to the stockholders, its effect is not complete.   The so called stock dividend in shares of the kind already held gives the shareholder nothing in the way of a distribution of assets, but merely divides his existing shares into smaller units.   There is no increase in his proportionate claim upon the assets of the corporation or income by reason of such a paper dividend.   There is no obligation upon the corporation to declare stock dividends, which are not distributions but only a change of the share and capital structure.   Since the declaration of stock dividend gives the stockholder nothing until all the formalities necessary to a valid increase of stock are complied with, its revocation, therefore, takes away nothing.   But unless rescinded, the shareholders have absolute right to their respective shares in the stock dividend so declared and actual delivery of the corresponding certificate is not essential to make the shareholder the owner of the dividend (De Leon, l993).Dividends DatesEssentially, there are three dates to observe in dealing with dividends.   The first to consider is the date of declaration where the board declares dividend and sets the amount of dividend, the payment date and the ex-dividend date. Next is the record date, where all list of of current stockholders who are to receive dividends are rolled up. The most important date is the 2-day period before the record date whi ch is designated as the ex-dividend date. This is to allow completion of all unfinished transactions before the record date.   Those stockholders not on record or do not own the stock before the ex-dividend date will not be entitled to dividend payment. Proceedings not completed at the ex-dividend date, the price of the stock is immediately reduced as dividend payment dilutes the value of the company and investors absorbs the diminution in value (â€Å"Investing†, 2007).Effect of declaration of stock dividendA stock dividend transfers the surplus covered by such dividend into permanent account thereby placing it beyond the power of the board of directors to withdraw from corporate use and to distribute to the stockholders.   Such a capitalization of surplus adds nothing to and takes nothing from the corporation.   The corporation merely transfers the surplus to capital account and issue shares of stock to represent the same.   Such shares may be preferred as well as c ommon stock.After a declaration of stock dividends, the stockholder receives no greater proportional interest in the assets of the corporation that he had before.   In this regard, it is identical in substance with a splitting of original share in which outstanding shares are exchanged for an increased number of new shares of proportionally less par value than the old, leaving the aggregate value of all his stock substantially the same.   Such an increase simply dilutes the shares as they existed before.   The declaration of stock dividend is advantageous to existing creditors of the corporation to the extent that corporate earnings are capitalized, unavailable for distribution to stockholders.   At the same time, it improves the cash position of the corporation with expansion projects or programs eliminating the necessity of borrowing and paying high interest rates.Stock dividends are not taxable as income because they represent merely an unrealized gain to the stockholders who receives nothing from the corporation that answers the definition of income under the revenue code (â€Å"Strengthening†).Illustration:A, B, C, D and E organized a stock corporation with an authorized capital stock of $400,000 divided into 4,000 shares with a par value of $100 per share.   Each subscribed to and paid for 400 shares.   Hence, the actual asset of the corporation at the beginning of the business was $200,000.After a few years of profitable business, the assets of the corporation amounted to $400,000 with no debts.   Instead of declaring cash dividends, it was agreed to increase the capital stock in the form of stock dividends with a total value of $40,000 which amount represents the actual increase of his share or interest in the business.   At the start of the year, each stockholder held 400 shares with a total value of $40,000 which is 1/5 of the total corporate capital of $200,000.   At the close of the year, after stock dividends are declared, each stockholder still holds 1/5 interest in the corporation with his 800 shares worth $80,000 in relation to the increased corporate capital of $400,000.   But the proportional interest of each share in the corporate assets is decreased because of the increase in the number of shares, from 1/2,000 to 1/4,000 (Kennon, 2007).Stock dividend from issue of additional sharesWhenever an increase is made in the capital account of a stock corporation, the increase is valid only when it represents additional shares issued for which the equivalent consideration is received by the corporation.   The increase may be the result of an issue of additional shares or the re-investment of retained earnings effected by the distribution of shares as stock dividend.Hence, a corporation with outstanding no par value shares originally issued at $5 per share cannot increase its capital account by transferring its surplus to its capital account without issuing additional shares for the amount transferr ed.   Under such method, stockholders who have already paid in full their no par value shares would in effect be made to pay additional amounts for the same shares to increase their value.   No par value shares of capital stock issued shall be deemed fully paid and non-assessable.   Once no par value shares have been issued at their issued price, their value can no longer be changed.   Accordingly, such stock dividend by a transfer of the surplus to capital with no shares to be issued cannot be validly made (De Leon, 1993).Stock dividend distinguished from cash dividendStock dividend does not involve any disbursement to the stockholders of accumulated earnings, while cash dividend involves disbursement of said earnings.   Corporate creditors may reach for stock dividends, being still part of corporate property, while cash dividend declared and paid becomes the absolute property of the stockholders and cannot be reached by the creditors.   While corporate capital is incre ased by a stock dividend, cash dividend does not.   Except in the sense that capital stock constitute a liability, no debt from the corporation to the stockholders is created by the declaration of stock dividend.   The declaration of cash dividend creates an obligation to the stockholders who then hold such stock.It is important to note that a dividend payable in stock is not synonymous with, and is not always or necessarily, a stock dividend.   A dividend payable in stock may, under some circumstances, is a cash dividend, as where the dividend consists in treasury stocks or in stocks of another corporation.Stock splitsThe board of directors may approve a stock split when the market is too high or too low, as sometimes investors are forestalled from buying or keeping their stocks.   In stock split, the market per share is adjusted by the same ratio which results in additional shares being issued and the market price being reduced to a trading level to attract investors. Stoc k splits are generally carried out in two different ways.   In a par value stock, the original certificate is converted into a new certificate validating the original shares, plus the new shares issued.   In a no par value stock, the stockholder keeps his original certificate but receives additional certificates for the additional shares issued. In either case, the split merely changes the number of outstanding shares without affecting the stockholders’ equity or the capital stock (Heakal, 2003).Illustration:X Corporation has 100,000 outstanding shares of stock, with a par value of $10 per share.   The board of directors feels that a lower price is necessary to attract more investors, it authorized that the 100,000 shares be replaced by 500,000 with a par value of $2.   Thus each stockholder will receive 5 shares in exchange for each share owned.   This increase in the number of outstanding share is referred to as stock split (Little, 2007).On the other hand, the re verse stock split, involves the reduction of the outstanding shares into a smaller number of shares and it is done when it is felt that a higher price for the shares will be advantageous to the corporation.   Thus, in the same example above, the 100,000 outstanding shares may be called in and replaced by 50,000 shares with a par value of $20 per share.   There is an increase in the par value of outstanding shares with a corresponding reduction in the number of shares issued.If a stock splits, it does not make it a better investment or enlarges the share in the company’s earnings nor does it affect materially short sellers. The aim of stock splits is to lower the trading price of a stock to a level viewed as popular to investors. It is comfortable to purchase stock at $10 per share than at $100 per share. Hence, when share prices have moved up considerably, publicly-listed companies declare stock split.ConclusionOne way or another, the stock itself may change, whether it i s a stock split or a stock dividend.   It is crucial that an investor must be fully aware of the character of corporate actions to understand how a corporate decision affects his interest in the business. Corporate action may bring a change in the stock (â€Å"Corporate†).Whether it is cash dividend or stock dividend, dividends matter. It is the evidence of profitability.   It offers unvarying return on a less secure investment. Dividends grow as the company grows thus providing more economic value to the investors. Some investors profit from dividends.   Investors would purchase stocks right after dividend is declared and sell it after collecting the dividend, thus, receiving dividend at no cost.   However, this does not usually happen successfully as the dividend payout reflects immediately the stock price.It is important that an investor understands stock splits.   Stock splits do not change the equity of the company or the net assets of the business.   Board o f directors approves stock splits to maintain high level of trading activity of its stock. Sometimes a reverse stock split is decided to discourage small investors and maintain its status because a relatively low stock price is considered highly speculative and often trades over the counter.

Social Welfare Spending essays

Social Welfare Spending essays In todays world there are many issues that repeatedly appear on the front lines of the modern political battlefield: Fiscal Policy, Social Welfare, and Foreign Policy. These issues tend to become the main topic of political debates, especially around election time. While Fiscal and Foreign Policy are important, it seems that the topic of Social Welfare creates the most conflict. This may be because Social Welfare issues are directly related to Fiscal and Foreign Policy. The relation of these issues is simple. As the government creates programs to improve the standard of living for Americans in need it also creates debt. The amount of money that the government is willing to spend on the programs then becomes an issue introducing fiscal policy. This same process affects Foreign Policy through the amount of Foreign Aid provided by the United States to other countries and the debt it incurs by doing so. These issues are fueled by material scarcity and ideological differences, creating the proverbial double edged sword. The Republican Party believes that the government should help people as much as possible but with limited government intervention which usually equates to lower taxes, while the Democratic Party believes in Big government with many programs to provide for people in need. However by providing more services they inherently spend more money which means higher taxes. Sadly, as the political battle rages and the policies are created certain groups of people either are happy or enraged over the outcome. The ideological battle rages as topics of ethnicity and economic status are raised and challenged and people from all walks of life are added to the mix. Opinions are made lines are drawn and the issue is never truly solved. Many attest this is because of material scarcity and the fight between the Haves and the Have-Nots. This argument is painful to both ends of the spectrum because th ...

Club it part II Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Club it part II - Essay Example ‘CLUB IT’ Business Issues As more and more customers are visiting the club, there is no mechanism to emphasize individual customer perspective, resulting in vague customer management. For instance, customer interest and likenesses related to the club activities. In this way, the organization cannot take appropriate decisions based on the interest and likenesses of the customers of the club. Likewise, there is no data of ‘customer interaction’ with the ‘Club IT’ services; the staff cannot entertain the customer in a better way. Moreover, there is no interaction of customers with the ‘Club IT’ system. The club currently does not support analytical monitoring of the stock items. It means that the supplier do not know the product demand in the club. The club does not guarantee to provide the merchandize the customer wants. This may impact in a negative customer loyalty issue. The club’s mission is to earn the loyalty of the custo mer. There is no criterion for setting strategic goals for better management, customer relations and satisfaction. The organizations must evaluate the strategic planning activities for the betterment and growth. The planning relies on the available assets of the organization. This area also needs improvement as planning is essential before implementing any strategy. For understanding key issues having a significant impact on the survival and success of the organizations strategic planning is an essential process (Efendioglu & Karabulut, 2010). Implementing E-commerce Systems For making the 3 p relating to (peoples, employees and culture) Customer relationship management system is required. The basic factors which enabled the implementation of customer relationship management systems are the expansion of computers and the global telecommunication infrastructure (Lost'akova, 2009). Customer Relationship Management Customer relationships are occurring on several levels in the club. CRM will share the customer relationship data within the organization employees for making better decisions, follow ups on all dissimilar levels in dealing with the customer. The CRM system will make a customer a useful entity for the organization. The customers are authorized to find information and services to acquire a conclusion resulting in fewer customer staff and order entry. The customer relationship data is centralized and is accessible to all the Club’s employees. It means that all the customer data and history are just away from the ‘click of the mouse’. The customers will feels as a part of the ‘Club IT’ team because they will get what they want, as only delighted customers provides a superb level of loyalty. If the customer satisfaction amplifies, Club IT will get more business and revenue. Supply Chain Management System Supply chain management systems are implemented globally for utilizing their supply chain activities in a productive approach for competitive advantages (Kanji & Wong, 1999). By implementing supply chain management systems, the ‘Club IT’ will able to reduce costs and maximize productivity for inventory and stock management